Rutherford-Bohr atom - traducción al ruso
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Rutherford-Bohr atom - traducción al ruso

ATOMIC MODEL INTRODUCED BY NIELS BOHR IN 1913
Atom/Bohr model; Bohr Model; Semiclassical model; Bohr atom; Bohr's Atomic Theory; Bohr atom model; Bohr Atomic Model; Bohr Energy; Bohr energy; Bohr model of the atom; Sommerfeld-Wilson-Ishiwara quantization; Sommerfeld-Wilson quantization; Bohr's model; Bohr's Model; Bohr-Sommerfeld system; Rutherford-Bohr model; Successes of Bohr's hydrogen atom; Successes of Bohr model; Bohr diagram; The Bohr Model; Sommerfeld–Wilson–Ishiwara quantization; Sommerfeld–Wilson quantization; Bohr theory; Bohr-Rutherford model; Bohr-Rutherford diagram; Bohr's theory of the hydrogen atom; Niels Bohr's model of the atom; Rutherford–Bohr model; Bohr's atomic model; Bohr-Sommerfeld theory of the atom; Bohr's law
  • jstor=27757389}}</ref> after Sommerfeld expansion of 1913 model showing maximum electrons per shell with shells labeled in [[X-ray notation]]
  • Models depicting electron energy levels in hydrogen, helium, lithium, and neon

Rutherford-Bohr atom      

общая лексика

атом Резерфорда Бора

Bohr atom         

физика

боровский атом

атом по Бору

atomic system         
  • hydrogen-like]] atomic orbitals showing probability density and phase ('''g''' orbitals and higher are not shown)
  • These electron's energy levels (not to scale) are sufficient for ground states of atoms up to [[cadmium]] (5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup>) inclusively. Do not forget that even the top of the diagram is lower than an unbound electron state.
  • 100]]) surface. The surface atoms deviate from the bulk [[crystal structure]] and arrange in columns several atoms wide with pits between them (See [[surface reconstruction]]).
  • The [[binding energy]] needed for a nucleon to escape the nucleus, for various isotopes
  • The Bohr model of the atom, with an electron making instantaneous "quantum leaps" from one orbit to another with gain or loss of energy. This model of electrons in orbits is obsolete.
  • Graphic illustrating the formation of a [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]
  • Atoms and molecules as depicted in [[John Dalton]]'s ''A New System of Chemical Philosophy'' vol. 1 (1808)
  • An example of absorption lines in a spectrum
  • The [[Geiger–Marsden experiment]]:<br /> ''Left:'' Expected results: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom with negligible deflection.<br /> ''Right:'' Observed results: a small portion of the particles were deflected by the concentrated positive charge of the nucleus.
  • 2}}</sub>) of various isotopes with Z protons and N neutrons.
  • Periodic table showing the origin of each element. Elements from carbon up to sulfur may be made in small stars by the [[alpha process]]. Elements beyond iron are made in large stars with slow neutron capture ([[s-process]]). Elements heavier than iron may be made in neutron star mergers or supernovae after the [[r-process]].
  • A potential well, showing, according to [[classical mechanics]], the minimum energy ''V''(''x'') needed to reach each position ''x''. Classically, a particle with energy ''E'' is constrained to a range of positions between ''x''<sub>1</sub> and ''x''<sub>2</sub>.
  • Illustration of a nuclear fusion process that forms a deuterium nucleus, consisting of a proton and a neutron, from two protons. A [[positron]] (e<sup>+</sup>)—an [[antimatter]] electron—is emitted along with an electron [[neutrino]].
SMALLEST UNIT OF A CHEMICAL ELEMENT
Atoms; Atomic chemical; Atom and Atomic Theory; Atomic structure; Polyelectronic atoms; Bound-bound; Bound-bound transition; Structure of the atom; Multielectron atom; Ancient atom; Chemical atom; Chemical Atom; Number of atoms on Earth; Polyelectronic; Monoelectronic; Atomic system

математика

атомарная (неделимая) система

Definición

РЕЗЕРФОРД
внесистемная устаревшая единица активности радиоактивных изотопов, обозначается Рд. Назван по имени Э. Резерфорда. 1 Рд = 106 распадов/с.
---
(Rutherford) Марк (наст. имя Уильям Хейл Уайт, White) (1831-1913), английский писатель. Мировоззрение сложилось под влиянием чартизма. Роман "Революция в Тэннерс-Лейн" (1887).
---
Эрнест (1871-1937) , английский физик, один из создателей учения о радиоактивности и строении атома, основатель научной школы, иностранный член-корреспондент РАН (1922) и почетный член АН СССР (1925). Директор Кавендишской лаборатории (с 1919). Открыл (1899) альфа- и бета-лучи и установил их природу. Создал (1903, совместно с Ф. Содди) теорию радиоактивности. Предложил (1911) планетарную модель атома. Осуществил (1919) первую искусственную ядерную реакцию. Предсказал (1921) существование нейтрона. Нобелевская премия (1908).

Wikipedia

Bohr model

In atomic physics, the Bohr model or Rutherford–Bohr model of the atom, presented by Niels Bohr and Ernest Rutherford in 1913, consists of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons. It is analogous to the structure of the Solar System, but with attraction provided by electrostatic force rather than gravity. In the history of atomic physics, it followed, and ultimately replaced, several earlier models, including Joseph Larmor's solar system model (1897), Jean Perrin's model (1901), the cubical model (1902), Hantaro Nagaoka's Saturnian model (1904), the plum pudding model (1904), Arthur Haas's quantum model (1910), the Rutherford model (1911), and John William Nicholson's nuclear quantum model (1912). The improvement over the 1911 Rutherford model mainly concerned the new quantum mechanical interpretation introduced by Haas and Nicholson, but forsaking any attempt to explain radiation according to classical physics.

The model's key success lay in explaining the Rydberg formula for hydrogen's spectral emission lines. While the Rydberg formula had been known experimentally, it did not gain a theoretical basis until the Bohr model was introduced. Not only did the Bohr model explain the reasons for the structure of the Rydberg formula, it also provided a justification for the fundamental physical constants that make up the formula's empirical results.

The Bohr model is a relatively primitive model of the hydrogen atom, compared to the valence shell model. As a theory, it can be derived as a first-order approximation of the hydrogen atom using the broader and much more accurate quantum mechanics and thus may be considered to be an obsolete scientific theory. However, because of its simplicity, and its correct results for selected systems (see below for application), the Bohr model is still commonly taught to introduce students to quantum mechanics or energy level diagrams before moving on to the more accurate, but more complex, valence shell atom. A related quantum model was proposed by Arthur Erich Haas in 1910 but was rejected until the 1911 Solvay Congress where it was thoroughly discussed. The quantum theory of the period between Planck's discovery of the quantum (1900) and the advent of a mature quantum mechanics (1925) is often referred to as the old quantum theory.

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